Answer
$(2-a)(4+2a+a^2)$
Work Step by Step
With $8=2^3$, the given polynomial is equivalent to:
$=2^3-a^3$
Factor using the formula $x^3-y^3=(x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2)$ with $x=2$ and $y=a$ to obtain:
$=(2-a)(2^2+2\cdot a + a^2)
\\=(2-a)(4+2a+a^2)$